Soda inouraya(NaOH) ndeimwe yemakemikari akakosha, ine kugadzirwa kwegore negore kwe106t. NaOH inoshandiswa mumakemikari echisikigo, mukugadzira aluminium, muindasitiri yemapepa, muindasitiri yekugadzira chikafu, mukugadzira sipo, nezvimwewo. Caustic soda chinhu chinobatanidzwa mukugadzira chlorine, 97% yacho inoitika neelectrolysis yesodium chloride.
Caustic soda ine simba guru pazvinhu zvakawanda zvesimbi, kunyanya kana tembiricha yakakwira uye yakawanda. Zvisinei, zvave zvichizivikanwa kwenguva yakareba kuti nickel inodzivirira ngura zvakanyanya pa caustic soda pahuwandu hwese uye tembiricha, sezvinoratidzwa neMufananidzo 1. Pamusoro pezvo, kunze kwekunge paine huwandu hwakawanda uye tembiricha, nickel haibatwi nekuputika kwe stress-corrosion inokonzerwa ne caustic. Nickel standard grades alloy 200 (EN 2.4066/UNS N02200) uye alloy 201 (EN 2.4068/UNS N02201) saka zvinoshandiswa pamatanho aya ekugadzirwa kwe caustic soda, izvo zvinoda kuramba kwakanyanya kwe corrosion. Ma cathodes ari mu electrolysis cell anoshandiswa mu membrane process akagadzirwawo ne nickel sheets. Ma units ekudzika kwe concentration liquor akagadzirwawo ne nickel. Anoshanda zvichienderana ne multi-stage evaporation principle kunyanya ne falling film evaporators. Mumayuniti aya nickel inoshandiswa muchimiro chemachubhu kana machubhu ekuisa zvinhu zvinopisa zvisati zvabuda, semachira kana mapurati akaputirwa ekuisa zvinhu zvinopisa zvisati zvabuda, uye mumapaipi ekutakura mhinduro ye caustic soda. Zvichienderana nehuwandu hwekuyerera, makristaro e caustic soda (supersaturated solution) anogona kukonzera kukurwa kwemachubhu ekuisa zvinhu zvinopisa, izvo zvinoita kuti zvidikanwe kuatsiva mushure memakore maviri kusvika mashanu ekushanda. Maitiro ekuisa zvinhu zvinopisa achishandisa firimu rinodonha anoshandiswa kugadzira soda ine mvura yakawanda, isina mvura. Mumaitiro ekuisa zvinhu zvinopisa akagadzirwa neBertrams, munyu wakanyungudutswa patembiricha inosvika 400 °C unoshandiswa senzvimbo yekupisa. Pano machubhu akagadzirwa ne low carbon nickel alloy 201 (EN 2.4068/UNS N02201) anofanira kushandiswa nekuti pakupisa kwakakwira kupfuura 315 °C (600 °F) huwandu hwakawanda hwekabhoni ye standard nickel grade alloy 200 (EN 2.4066/UNS N02200) hunogona kukonzera kunaya kwe graphite pamiganhu yezviyo.
Nickel ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa pakugadzira zvinhu zvinobvisa tsvina zvine chromium kana kuti simbi dzinoshandiswa neaustenitic. Kana paine tsvina yakaita sechlorates kana sulfur compounds - kana paine simba rakawanda rinodiwa - zvinhu zvine chromium zvakaita sealloy 600 L (EN 2.4817/UNS N06600) zvinoshandiswa mune dzimwe nguva. Chimwe chinhu chinonakidza kune nzvimbo dzinokonzera tsvina ialloy 33 ine chromium yakawanda (EN 1.4591/UNS R20033). Kana zvinhu izvi zvichizoshandiswa, zvinofanira kuve nechokwadi chekuti mamiriro ekushanda haakwanise kukonzera kutsemuka kweganda.
Alloy 33 (EN 1.4591/UNS R20033) inoratidza ngura yakasimba mu25 ne50% NaOH kusvika pakufashaira uye mu70% NaOH pa170 °C. Alloy iyi yakaratidzawo kushanda kwakanaka mumiedzo yemumunda muchirimwa chakaiswa caustic soda kubva mukuita kwe diaphragm.39 Mufananidzo 21 unoratidza mimwe mhedzisiro maererano nehuwandu hwechinwiwa ichi che diaphragm caustic, chakasvibiswa nemachloride nemachlorate. Kusvika pakuwanda kwe45% NaOH, alloy yezvinhu 33 (EN 1.4591/UNS R20033) uye nickel alloy 201 (EN 2.4068/UNS N2201) zvinoratidza kurwisana kwakafanana. Nekuwedzera kwekupisa uye kuwedzera kwehuwandu alloy 33 inova yakasimba kupfuura nickel. Saka, nekuda kwehuwandu hwayo hwe chromium yakawanda alloy 33 inoita kunge inobatsira kubata caustic solutions nema chloride ne hypochlorite kubva mukuita kwe diaphragm kana mercury cell.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-21-2022