Plastiki inoreva yakakwira molecular uremu synthetic resin sechinhu chikuru, ichiwedzera zvakakodzera zvinowedzerwa, zvakagadziriswa zvepurasitiki zvinhu. Muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva, mumvuri wepurasitiki unogona kuonekwa kwese kwese, sediki semakapu epurasitiki, mabhokisi epurasitiki akaputika, mabheseni epurasitiki, zvigaro zvepurasitiki uye zvigaro, uye zvakakura semotokari, materevhizheni, mafiriji, michina yekuwachisa uye kunyange ndege uye spaceships, plastiki haiparadzaniswa.
Sekureva kweEuropean Plastics Production Association, kugadzirwa kwepurasitiki pasi rose muna 2020, 2021 na2022 kuchasvika 367 miriyoni matani, 391 miriyoni matani uye mazana mana emamiriyoni matani, zvichiteerana. Iko kukura kwechikamu kubva 2010 kusvika 2022 ndeye 4.01%, uye maitiro ekukura ane zvishoma.
Indasitiri yePlasitiki yeChina yakatanga kunonoka, mushure mekugadzwa kwePeople's Republic of China yakatanga kusimukira, asi panguva iyoyo, zvakasiyana-siyana zvekugadzira mapurasitiki zvigadzirwa zvaive zvishoma, nzvimbo yefekitori yakaunganidzwa uye chiyero chaive chidiki. Kubva muna 2011, hupfumi hweChina hwakachinja zvishoma nezvishoma kubva padanho rekukura-kumhanya kusvika padanho rekusimudzira kwemhando yepamusoro, uye kubva ipapo indasitiri yepurasitiki yakatangawo kusimudzira chimiro cheindasitiri yayo uye zvishoma nezvishoma ichienda padanho repamusoro. Pakazosvika 2015, kuburitswa kweindasitiri yepurasitiki yekuChina kwakasvika 75.61 miriyoni matani. Muna 2020, kugadzirwa kwepurasitiki kuChina kwakadzikira, asi iyo yese purofiti uye kutengesa kwasara kweindasitiri kuchiri kuratidza kukura kwakanaka.
Zvinoenderana nedata reEuropean Plastics Production Association, muna 2022, kugadzirwa kwepurasitiki kuChina kwakaverengera 32% yekugadzirwa kwepurasitiki yepasirese, uye yakakura kuita yekutanga kugadzira epurasitiki pasi rose.
Mumakore achangopfuura, indasitiri yepasi rose yepurasitiki yakasimukira zvishoma nezvishoma. Kunyangwe kuwedzera kuziva kwevanhu nezvekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye mirau inorambidza yakapihwa nemadhipatimendi akasiyana ehurumende yakave nemhedzisiro paindasitiri yechinyakare yepurasitiki kusvika pamwero wakati, zvakamanikidzawo mabhizinesi muindastiri kuti akurumidze kutsvagisa nekusimudzira uye maindasitiri ekushandisa mapurasitiki ane hushamwari kwezvakatipoteredza, ayo anobatsira mukukwidziridza chimiro cheindasitiri mukufamba kwenguva. Mune ramangwana, kushamwaridzana kwezvakatipoteredza kwemaitiro ekugadzira uye zvigadzirwa, kumwe kuvandudzwa kwekuita kwechigadzirwa uye kusiyanisa kwekushandisa kwechigadzirwa kunotarisirwa kuve maitiro akajairwa ekusimudzira indasitiri yepurasitiki. Mumakore achangopfuura, indasitiri yepasi rose yepurasitiki yakasimukira zvishoma nezvishoma. Kunyangwe kuwedzera kuziva kwevanhu nezvekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye mirau inorambidza yakapihwa nemadhipatimendi akasiyana ehurumende yakave nemhedzisiro paindasitiri yechinyakare yepurasitiki kusvika pamwero wakati, zvakamanikidzawo mabhizinesi muindastiri kuti akurumidze kutsvagisa nekusimudzira uye maindasitiri ekushandisa mapurasitiki ane hushamwari kwezvakatipoteredza, ayo anobatsira mukukwidziridza chimiro cheindasitiri mukufamba kwenguva. Mune ramangwana, kushamwaridzana kwezvakatipoteredza kwemaitiro ekugadzira uye zvigadzirwa, kumwe kuvandudzwa kwekuita kwechigadzirwa uye kusiyanisa kwekushandisa kwechigadzirwa kunotarisirwa kuve maitiro akajairwa ekusimudzira indasitiri yepurasitiki.
Indasitiri yemazuva ese ezvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki ibazi rakakosha reindasitiri yepurasitiki, iyo yakabatana zvakanyanya nePeople's Daily life uye ndeyeindasitiri yekugadzira yezvinodiwa zvezuva nezuva. Kushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki kune chekuita nekusimudzira hupfumi hwedunhu, uye kushandiswa kwenyika dzakasimukira dzakaita seUnited States neEurope kwakakwira. Nekuda kwepesvedzero yemaitiro ekurarama uye mashandisiro ezvinwiwa, chikafu nechinwiwa muUnited States chinonyanya chikafu chekukurumidza, uye tableware zvakare inonyanya kuraswa, saka kudyiwa kwepagore kwemazuva ese epurasitiki zvigadzirwa zvakakura. Mumakore achangopfuura, nekukurumidza kukura kwehupfumi hwenyika dzichiri kusimukira dzakaita seChina neSoutheast Asia, kukurumidza kwehupenyu hwevanhu kwakawedzera, uye shanduko yekuziva nezvekushandisa, nzvimbo yekukura yezvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki zvemazuva ese ichawedzerwa.
Kubva 2010 kusvika 2022, kubuda kwezvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki zvezuva nezuva muChina kwakaramba kwakadzikama, nekuwedzera kwepamusoro muna 2010 na 2022, uye kuderera kwegore ra2023. Kuiswa kwezvirambidzo zvepurasitiki munyika yose kwakanganisa kugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki zvezuva nezuva kusvika pamwero wakati, zvichiita kuti vagadziri vatendeuke kune zvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki zvinoparara. Iyo yepurasitiki yekumisa mutemo yakagadzirisa chimiro chemukati cheindastiri, yakabvisa kumashure kwekugadzirwa kwesimba, uye yakawedzera kuvandudza indasitiri, izvo zvinobatsira mukutsvagisa nekuvandudzwa kwezvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki zvinoomeswa nevagadziri vakakura, uye zvakare yakanakira tarisiro yenyika.
Nekuvandudzwa kwakawanda kwemararamiro evanhu, zvinodiwa zvepamusoro zvichaiswa pamberi pezvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki zvemazuva ese, zvinosanganisira kuita, kuchengetedza uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza. Mumakore achangopfuura, nhanho yehupenyu hwevagari vekuChina yakawedzera uye nhanho yekuvandudza, chikafu chekukurumidza, tii uye mamwe maindasitiri akawedzera nekukurumidza, uye kudiwa kwepurasitiki tableware nezvimwe zvemazuva ese zvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki zviri kuwedzerawo. Uye zvakare, maresitorendi makuru, zvitoro zvetii, nezvimwe zvine zvakakwirira zvinodikanwa zvepatableware, uye chete vagadziri vakakura vanogona kuzadzisa zvavanoda zvemhando. Mune ramangwana rinoonekwa, zviwanikwa muindastiri zvichawedzera kubatanidzwa, uye iyo indasitiri yekutarisa ichawedzera kuvandudzwa. Nekune rimwe divi, negwara renyika re "One Belt, One Road" rekuvhura misika iri kusimukira yakaita seSoutheast Asia, kugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki zveChina zuva nezuva kuchaunza imwe nzvimbo yekukura, uye huwandu hwekutengesa kunze kwenyika huchawedzerawo.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-06-2024