Plastiki inoreva resin yakagadzirwa ine huremu hwakawanda sechikamu chikuru, ichiwedzera zvinowedzerwa zvakakodzera, zvinhu zvepurasitiki zvakagadzirwa. Muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva, mumvuri wepurasitiki unogona kuonekwa kwese kwese, diki semakapu epurasitiki, mabhokisi epurasitiki anotsvedza, madhishi ekugezera epurasitiki, zvigaro zvepurasitiki nezvigaro, uye yakakura semota, materevhizheni, mafiriji, michina yekuwachisa uye kunyange ndege nezvikepe zvemuchadenga, purasitiki haiparadzaniswi.
Sekureva kweEuropean Plastics Production Association, kugadzirwa kwepurasitiki pasi rose muna 2020, 2021 na2022 kuchasvika matani mamiriyoni mazana matatu nemakumi matanhatu nenomwe, matani mamiriyoni mazana matatu nemakumi mapfumbamwe nerimwe uye matani mamiriyoni mazana mana zvichiteerana. Kukura kwepurasitiki kubva muna 2010 kusvika 2022 i4.01%, uye kukura kwacho kwakafanana.
Indasitiri yepurasitiki muChina yakatanga kunonoka, mushure mekunge People's Republic of China yatanga kukura, asi panguva iyoyo, mhando dzakasiyana dzezvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki zvaive zvishoma, nzvimbo yefekitori yaive yakaungana uye chiyero chaive chidiki. Kubva muna 2011, hupfumi hweChina hwakachinja zvishoma nezvishoma kubva padanho rekukura nekukurumidza kuenda padanho rekukura kwemhando yepamusoro, uye kubvira ipapo indasitiri yepurasitiki yakatangawo kuvandudza chimiro chayo chemaindasitiri uye zvishoma nezvishoma yakachinja kuenda padanho repamusoro. Pakazosvika 2015, huwandu hwese hweindasitiri yepurasitiki muChina hwakasvika matani mamiriyoni 75.61. Muna 2020, kugadzirwa kwepurasitiki muChina kwakadzikira, asi purofiti yese uye huwandu hwekutengeserana hweindasitiri huchiri kuratidza kukura kwakanaka.
Zvichienderana nedata reEuropean Plastics Production Association, muna 2022, kugadzirwa kwepurasitiki muChina kwaisvika 32% yekugadzirwa kwepurasitiki pasi rose, uye yakura kuva mugadziri wekutanga wepurasitiki pasi rose.
Mumakore achangopfuura, indasitiri yepasi rose yepurasitiki yakaramba ichikura zvishoma nezvishoma. Kunyangwe ruzivo rwevanhu nezvekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza nemitemo inorambidza yakaburitswa nemadhipatimendi akasiyana-siyana ehurumende rwakave nemhedzisiro yakati wandei paindasitiri yepurasitiki yechinyakare kusvika pamwero wakati, zvakamanikidzawo mabhizinesi ari muindasitiri kuti akurumidze kutsvaga nekuvandudza uye kushandisa mapurasitiki asina njodzi kumaindasitiri, izvo zvinobatsira kugadzirisa chimiro chemaindasitiri kwenguva refu. Mune ramangwana, hushamwari hwezvakatipoteredza hwemaitiro ekugadzira nezvigadzirwa, kuwedzera kuvandudzwa kwekushanda kwechigadzirwa uye kusiyanisa mashandisirwo ezvigadzirwa zvinotarisirwa kuve tsika yakajairika yekuvandudza indasitiri yepurasitiki. Mumakore achangopfuura, indasitiri yepasi rose yepurasitiki yakaramba ichikura zvishoma nezvishoma. Kunyangwe ruzivo rwevanhu rwekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza nemitemo inorambidza yakaburitswa nemadhipatimendi akasiyana-siyana ehurumende rwakave nemhedzisiro yakati wandei paindasitiri yepurasitiki yechinyakare kusvika pamwero wakati, zvakamanikidzawo mabhizinesi ari muindasitiri kuti akurumidze kutsvaga nekuvandudza uye kushandisa mapurasitiki asina njodzi kumaindasitiri, izvo zvinobatsira kugadzirisa chimiro chemaindasitiri kwenguva refu. Mune ramangwana, kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza kwemaitiro ekugadzira nezvigadzirwa, kuwedzera kwekuvandudzwa kwekushanda kwechigadzirwa uye kusiyanisa mashandisirwo ezvigadzirwa zvinotarisirwa kuva mafambiro akajairika ekukura kweindasitiri yepurasitiki.
Indasitiri yezvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki zvezuva nezuva ibazi rakakosha reindasitiri yepurasitiki, iro rine hukama hwakasimba nehupenyu hwevanhu hwezuva nezuva uye riri muindasitiri yekugadzira zvinodiwa zvezuva nezuva. Kushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki kune chekuita nekukura kwehupfumi hwedunhu, uye kushandiswa kwenyika dzakabudirira dzakadai seUnited States neEurope kwakakwira. Nekuda kwepesvedzero yemararamiro nepfungwa dzekushandisa, chikafu nechinwiwa muUnited States zvinonyanya kuve chikafu chinokurumidza, uye ndiro dzetafura dzinoshandiswawo kuraswa, saka kushandiswa kwegore negore kwezvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki zvezuva nezuva kwakakura. Mumakore achangopfuura, nekukura kwehupfumi kwenyika dziri kusimukira dzakadai seChina neSoutheast Asia, kumhanya kwehupenyu hwevanhu kwakawedzera, uye shanduko yekuziva nezvekushandisa, nzvimbo yekukura kwezvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki zvezuva nezuva ichawedzerwa zvakanyanya.
Kubva muna 2010 kusvika 2022, kugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki zvezuva nezuva muChina kwakaramba kwakasimba, nekugadzirwa kwakakwira muna 2010 na2022, uye kugadzirwa kwakaderera muna 2023. Kuiswa kwezvirambidzo zvepurasitiki munyika yese kwakakanganisa kugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki zvezuva nezuva kusvika pamwero wakati, zvichiita kuti vagadziri vashandise zvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki zvinoora. Mutemo wemuganho wepurasitiki wakagadzirisa chimiro chemukati cheindasitiri, wakabvisa kugona kwekugadzira kwakaderera, uye wakawedzera kuvandudza huwandu hweindasitiri, izvo zvinobatsira pakutsvagisa nekugadzira zvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki zvinoora nevagadziri vakuru, uye zvakare zviri nyore kutariswa nenyika yese.
Nekuvandudzika kwemararamiro evanhu, zvinodiwa zvakanyanya zvichaiswa pamberi pezvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki zvezuva nezuva, kusanganisira kushanda zvakanaka, kuchengetedzeka uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza. Mumakore achangopfuura, kumhanya kwehupenyu hwevagari vekuChina kwakawedzera uye huwandu hwekuvandudzwa, chikafu chinokurumidza, tii nedzimwe indasitiri hwakawedzera nekukurumidza, uye kudiwa kwemidziyo yepurasitiki nezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki zvezuva nezuva kuri kuwedzerawo. Pamusoro pezvo, maresitorendi makuru, zvitoro zvetii, nezvimwewo zvine zvinodiwa zvakanyanya zvemidziyo yekudya, uye vagadziri vakuru chete ndivo vanogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zvavo zvemhando yepamusoro. Munguva inotevera, zviwanikwa zviri muindasitiri zvichabatanidzwa zvakare, uye huwandu hweindasitiri huchawedzerwa zvakanyanya. Kune rumwe rutivi, nemutemo wenyika we "One Belt, One Road" wekuvhura misika iri kubuda senge Southeast Asia, kugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki zvezuva nezuva zveChina kuchaunza nzvimbo itsva yekukura, uye huwandu hwezvinhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika huchawedzerawo.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-06-2024